Is Alcoholism a Disease or Mental Illness?

Alcoholism is considered a chronic disease that also involves mental health components, rather than being solely a mental illness. At Southeastern Recovery Center, we help individuals understand that alcohol use disorder affects both the brain and behavior, which is why treatment must address physical, psychological, and emotional factors together. Viewing alcoholism as a disease reduces stigma and encourages people to seek appropriate care.

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How is alcoholism defined medically?

Alcoholism is clinically referred to as alcohol use disorder.

Medical professionals define it as:

  • A chronic, relapsing condition
  • Characterized by loss of control over drinking
  • Continued use despite negative consequences
  • Changes in brain chemistry and behavior

It exists on a spectrum from mild to severe.

Why is alcoholism considered a disease?

Alcoholism is clinically referred to as alcohol use disorder.

Medical professionals define it as:

  • A chronic, relapsing condition
  • Characterized by loss of control over drinking
  • Continued use despite negative consequences
  • Changes in brain chemistry and behavior

It exists on a spectrum from mild to severe.

infographic with information about how alcoholism is a disease

Why is alcoholism considered a disease?

Alcoholism is classified as a disease because it causes measurable changes in the brain and body.

These changes include:

  • Altered brain reward and stress systems
  • Physical dependence and tolerance
  • Withdrawal symptoms when alcohol is stopped
  • Long term health consequences

Like other chronic diseases, it often requires ongoing management.

Is alcoholism a mental illness?

Alcoholism is not classified as a mental illness on its own, but it strongly affects mental health.

Alcohol use disorder frequently occurs alongside:

  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Trauma-related conditions
  • Other mood disorders

These co-occurring conditions influence how addiction develops and how it is treated.

infographic stating the connection between someone suffering from alcoholism and their mental health

How does the brain support the disease model?

Brain imaging and research show that alcohol changes how the brain functions.

Effects include:

  • Reduced impulse control
  • Heightened cravings
  • Altered emotional regulation
  • Difficulty experiencing pleasure without alcohol

These changes explain why willpower alone is often not enough.

Why does the disease model matter for treatment?

Understanding alcoholism as a disease changes how people approach recovery.

It:

  • Reduces shame and blame
  • Encourages medical and therapeutic support
  • Emphasizes long term care rather than quick fixes

This approach leads to better outcomes.

Can alcoholism be treated successfully?

Yes. While alcoholism is chronic, it is highly treatable.

Effective treatment often includes:

  • Medical detox when appropriate
  • Therapy and counseling
  • Education and coping skill development
  • Long-term recovery and aftercare planning

Many people achieve lasting recovery with support.

How does Southeastern Recovery Center approach alcoholism?

At Southeastern Recovery Center, treatment is compassionate and evidence-based.

Our approach includes:

  • Viewing alcoholism as a health condition
  • Treating co occurring mental health concerns
  • Supporting both short term stabilization and long term recovery
  • Involving education and family support when appropriate

We focus on healing the whole person.

infographic of how treatment and recovery works for alcoholism

A supportive message from Southeastern Recovery Center

Alcoholism is not a moral failure or lack of discipline. It is a disease that affects the brain, behavior, and health. At Southeastern Recovery Center, we believe that understanding alcoholism through a medical and compassionate lens helps people access care, rebuild confidence, and move toward lasting recovery.

Sources

American Medical Association. Alcoholism. 

American Medical Association, www.ama-assn.org.

 

Mayo Clinic. Alcohol Use Disorder. 

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research,  www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alcohol-use-disorder.

 

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Understanding Alcohol Use Disorder. 

National Institutes of Health, www.niaaa.nih.gov/health-professionals-communities/alcohol-use-disorder.

 

National Institute on Drug Abuse. The Science of Addiction. 

National Institutes of Health, www.nida.nih.gov/research-topics/addiction-science.

 

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Substance Use Disorders. 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, www.samhsa.gov/find-help/disorders.